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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Practice
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Continuing Professional Development (CPD)

Background:

  • The pharmacy profession faces rapid evolution and increasing workplace complexity.
  • Existing continuing professional development (CPD) models may not adequately prepare pharmacists for future challenges.
  • A need exists for CPD strategies that foster innovation, creativity, and flexibility.

Observation:

  • Adaptive expertise offers a framework for developing professionals skilled in both efficient task performance and creative problem-solving.
  • Knowledge production in pharmacy practice can be viewed through a cognitive psychology lens.
  • Current CPD may focus heavily on procedural knowledge, potentially neglecting conceptual understanding.

Findings:

  • Three educational approaches can cultivate adaptive expertise: explaining the 'why' behind tasks, embracing productive struggle, and using 'what if' scenarios.
  • These strategies promote deeper learning by revealing core concepts and encouraging meaningful variation.
  • Implementing these evidence-based approaches can enhance pharmacists' ability to handle novel and ambiguous situations.

Implications:

  • Pharmacy CPD can be transformed to integrate adaptive expertise development.
  • This transformation supports both procedural and conceptual knowledge acquisition within local practice settings.
  • Enhanced CPD will better equip pharmacists for evolving and increasingly complex roles, fostering innovation and adaptability.