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Updated: Dec 28, 2025
Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration in Patients with a Previous History of Biliary Tract Surgery
Published on: February 10, 2023
A review of general surgery resident experience in common bile duct exploration in the ERCP era
Rachel L Warner1, K Conley Coleman1, Kelsey A Musgrove1
1Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Background:
Use of minimally invasive techniques for management of common bile duct (CBD) stones has led to declining number of CBD explorations (CBDE) performed at teaching and non-teaching institutions. We evaluate the impact of this decline on surgery training in bile duct procedures.
Study Design:
National operative data for general surgery residents (GSR) were examined from 2000 to 2018. Biliary operations including, cholecystectomy open and laparoscopic, and CBDE open and laparoscopic were evaluated for mean number of cases per graduating GSR.
Results:
Despite increases in number of GSR, case numbers for laparoscopic cholecystectomy increased 39% from 84 to 117, p < .00001, per GSR. Mean number of cases for open CBDE, however, decreased 74% from 2.7 to 0.7, p < .00001, per GSR and laparoscopic CBDE declined 22% from 0.9 to 0.7 per resident.
Conclusion:
GSR operative case volume in CBDE has declined significantly creating a training deficiency for this complex skill. Novel simulation, including fresh cadavers, may offer the best option with high-fidelity, dynamic training to mitigate the loss of low volume, high acuity procedures.
