In-the-Moment Feedback and Coaching: Improving R2C2 for a New Context

Area of Science:

• Medical Education
• Clinical Supervision
• Healthcare Professional Development

Background:

• The R2C2 (relationships, reactions, content, coaching) model is a 4-phase framework for formal feedback between supervisors and residents.
• Current application of the R2C2 model relies on collated data for performance discussions.
• The R2C2 model's utility in immediate, brief feedback scenarios has not been previously investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore supervisor adaptation of the R2C2 model for in-the-moment feedback and coaching.
• To develop a practical guide for implementing the R2C2 model in time-constrained clinical settings.

Main Methods:

• Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 purposefully selected supervisors in 2018.
• Interviews focused on the adaptation of the R2C2 model for immediate feedback conversations.
• Analysis identified phase-specific phrases to guide the development of an in-the-moment R2C2 model.

Main Results:

• Supervisors successfully adapted the R2C2 model across diverse feedback situations, confirming the relevance of all four phases.
• Key phrases were identified for each phase to facilitate effective, time-efficient coaching conversations.
• The study resulted in a revised R2C2 in-the-moment model and a trifold brochure to aid its implementation.

Conclusions:

• The R2C2 in-the-moment model provides a structured approach to feedback and coaching, addressing time limitations.
• It incorporates an iterative conversation between reaction and content phases, enhancing the original model.
• This model empowers supervisors to coach residents and collaboratively develop action plans for performance improvement.