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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.5K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.7K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.7K
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

4.2K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
4.2K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.3K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.3K
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

3.7K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
3.7K

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Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring Self-Assembled MOF-Polymer Composites
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Interfacial Polymerization: From Chemistry to Functional Materials.

Feilong Zhang1,2, Jun-Bing Fan1, Shutao Wang1,2

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|February 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interfacial polymerization enables controllable fabrication of advanced materials like separation membranes and electrodes. This review explores its history, types, and future potential in polymer chemistry and materials science.

Keywords:
functional materialsinterfacial polymerizationnanoscale monomerssimultaneous polymerizationsuperspreading

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Interfacial polymerization confines reactions at liquid-liquid or liquid-air interfaces.
  • This technique is advantageous for fabricating films, capsules, and fibers.
  • It is crucial for developing separation membranes and electrode materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history and evolution of interfacial polymerization.
  • To categorize interfacial polymerization by reaction type.
  • To highlight emerging functional materials and future opportunities.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of interfacial polymerization techniques.
  • Categorization based on polymerization types: polycondensation, polyaddition, oxidative, polycoordination, supramolecular.
  • Analysis of recent technological advancements and their impact.

Main Results:

  • Interfacial polymerization encompasses diverse reaction types, including polycondensation and polyaddition.
  • New technologies are invigorating the field, leading to novel functional materials.
  • The review details specific polymerization mechanisms and their applications.

Conclusions:

  • Interfacial polymerization is a versatile method for creating advanced functional materials.
  • Continued advancements in technology and polymer chemistry promise further innovation.
  • The field offers significant opportunities for developing next-generation separation and energy materials.