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Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...

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Lab-on-a-Chip Systems for Aptamer-Based Biosensing.

Niazul I Khan1, Edward Song1,2

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.

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Aptamer-based biosensors offer high specificity for target detection, replacing antibodies. Integrating aptamers with lab-on-a-chip devices advances point-of-care diagnostics and personalized medicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Aptamers are highly specific oligonucleotide or peptide ligands selected for target binding.
  • They are emerging as next-generation receptors in biosensing, offering an alternative to antibodies.
  • Increasing interest in lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and point-of-care (POC) diagnostics drives aptamer sensor integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in aptamer-based biosensor development.
  • To emphasize the integration of aptamers with various LOC devices, including microfluidic and paper-based platforms.
  • To cover diverse detection principles utilized in aptamer sensors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on aptamer-based biosensors and LOC integration.
  • Analysis of different aptamer selection and immobilization strategies.
  • Categorization of biosensing techniques employed, including electrochemical, optical, and gravimetric methods.

Main Results:

  • Aptamer integration enhances specificity and selectivity in analyte detection on LOC devices.
  • Successful application of aptamer sensors across various platforms like microfluidic chips and paper-based systems.
  • Demonstrated versatility of aptamers in diverse detection principles, including electrochemical, optical, gravimetric, SAW, and transistor-based sensing.

Conclusions:

  • Aptamer-based biosensors integrated with LOC devices show significant promise for advanced diagnostics.
  • This integration facilitates the development of sensitive, selective, and portable diagnostic tools.
  • Continued research in this area is crucial for realizing the full potential of aptamer technology in personalized medicine and POC applications.