Influence of diet on growth rate and carcass composition of steers differing in frame size and muscle thickness

One hundred seventy-three steer calves, selected at weaning to represent USDA classifications for frame size (Large, L; Medium, M; Small, S) and muscle thickness (No. 1, No. 2, No. 3), were assigned to three finishing diets (grain, 3.03 Mcal ME/kg DM; silage, 2.46 Mcal ME/kg DM; forage, 2.06 Mcal ME/kg DM), forming a 3 x 3 x 3 factorial with unequal subclass numbers. The steers were slaughtered at constant weights corresponding to their respective frame size classifications (L = 590 kg, M = 499 kg; S = 408 kg). Individual live weights were recorded every 28 d during finishing and, following slaughter, one side of each carcass was dissected into muscle, bone and fat. Diet interacted with frame size to affect growth rate. Frame-related differences in growth rate were very pronounced among grain-fed steers (L greater than M greater than S) but became smaller in magnitude as feeding intensity was reduced. Diet also had a significant effect on percentage separable carcass fat, despite the fact that the steers were slaughtered at a similar percentage (approximately 60%) of their estimated potential mature weights. Carcasses produced by grain-finished steers were fattest, and those produced by forage-finished cattle were leanest. The comparative fatness of steers finished on silage was dependent on frame size. Within the L class, carcasses produced by silage-finished steers were comparatively lean and were similar in fatness to carcasses produced by forage-finished cattle. Conversely, S steers finished on silage produced carcasses that were comparable in fatness to carcasses from grain-finished cattle. Frame-related differences in percentage carcass fat were significant only within the silage treatment group (S greater than L). Differences in carcass muscle-to-bone ratio were directionally consistent with visually discernible differences in feeder cattle muscling (No. 1 greater than No. 2 greater than No. 3). The effects of muscle thickness on muscle-to-bone ratio were most pronounced within the L class.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)