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Related Concept Videos

Channel Rhodopsins01:11

Channel Rhodopsins

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Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Visible Light-Responsive Dynamic Biomaterials: Going Deeper and Triggering More.

Teresa L Rapp1, Cole A DeForest1,2,3,4

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, 3781 Okanogan Lane NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|February 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Photoresponsive materials can now be used in the body using visible and near-infrared light. This enables new applications for in vivo therapeutic delivery and cell fate regulation.

Keywords:
drug deliveryhydrogelslow-energy lightmultiplexingphototriggerstissue engineeringwavelength-selectivity

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Photochemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Photoresponsive materials are established for in vitro applications like controlled drug delivery and directing cell behavior.
  • In vivo applications require light sources that can penetrate deep tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in photoactive small molecules and proteins for in vivo applications.
  • To highlight the potential of visible and near-infrared light for biological regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent reports on photoactive molecules and proteins.
  • Analysis of light absorption properties (visible and near-infrared spectrum).
  • Discussion of applications in multiplexed and in vivo regulation.

Main Results:

  • Identification of photoactive small molecules and proteins suitable for tissue penetration.
  • Demonstration of visible and near-infrared light's utility in biological contexts.
  • Emerging applications in precise, in vivo control over biological processes.

Conclusions:

  • Photoresponsive materials absorbing visible and near-infrared light are key for in vivo applications.
  • These materials offer new possibilities for therapeutic delivery and cell fate manipulation within the body.
  • The field is poised for significant advancements in in vivo biological regulation.