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Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy Associated with Influenza A
1Department of Neurodiagnostics University of Kentucky HealthCare Albert B. Chandler Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky.
The Neurodiagnostic Journal
|February 27, 2020
Summary
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy is a rare influenza complication in children. This case highlights its rapid progression and diagnostic challenges, emphasizing the need for timely neuroimaging in febrile children with neurological symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Neuroimaging
Background:
- Influenza can lead to severe neurological complications in children.
- Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare but serious condition associated with influenza.
- Early diagnosis and management are crucial for improving outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe a case of acute necrotizing encephalopathy in a young child.
- To highlight the diagnostic challenges and neuroimaging findings in ANE.
- To emphasize the association between influenza and ANE.
Main Methods:
- Case report of a 20-month-old female with influenza.
- Clinical presentation including fever, altered mental status, and extensor posturing.
- Diagnostic workup involving computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and video electroencephalography (EEG).
Main Results:
- Initial CT scan showed widespread edema.
- Video EEG revealed focal slowing without epileptiform activity during posturing.
- Serial MRI scans demonstrated progression consistent with acute necrotizing encephalitis.
Conclusions:
- Acute necrotizing encephalopathy is a critical diagnosis in children with influenza and neurological symptoms.
- Neuroimaging, particularly serial MRI, is essential for diagnosing ANE.
- Prompt recognition and management are vital for pediatric patients presenting with influenza-associated encephalopathy.
