An Analysis of the Response Time to the Push Button in the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit

The National Association of Epilepsy Centers mandates that epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) patient observers must always be present to minimize risk of patient injury during admissions. To comply with this requirement, our staffing model and workflow were adjusted accordingly. Upon activation of the event button, rather than attending to EMU patients in person, the patient observer responded verbally through the room's speaker system and subsequently contacted nursing staff via a Vocera™ device. This study evaluates the efficiency of this model by measuring the time between event button (PB) activation, observer response, and subsequent evaluation by either nursing staff or physicians. We retrospectively reviewed video EEG files for all available PBs on EMU patients admitted between January 1 and December 31, 2023, and calculated the intervals between PB activation, patient observer's response, and in-person attendance by the health care provider. Patient demographics and event details were examined for statistical differences. Of 129 admissions (402 PBs), the median observer response time was 15 seconds, which increased with age (14 s, 16 s, and 20 s for <45, 45-64, and ≥65 yo, respectively; p = .027). The average time for a nurse or a physician to physically attend to the patient was 94 s (range, 4 to 1808 s). The average observer's response to psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) was faster (10 s) than responses to epileptic seizures (14 s), accidents (15 s), and other events (17 s) (p < .001). There was no difference in response time between sexes (p = .870) or races (p = .197). Although patient observer response time was short, only 15% of PBs were seizure-related, while > 50% were accidental. These findings highlight the need to critically evaluate EMU staffing models to maintain compliance with the safety requirements, improve the accuracy of seizure detection, and to meet overall goals of EMU evaluation.