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Gastrointestinal tract modeling using organoids engineered with cellular and microbiota niches
Sungjin Min1, Suran Kim1, Seung-Woo Cho2
1Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
Experimental & Molecular Medicine
|February 28, 2020
Summary
Gastrointestinal organoids are advancing gastroenterology research by modeling diseases. Integrating microenvironment components like stromal cells and microbiota enhances their accuracy for studying gut pathophysiology.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Organoid Technology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Organoid technology allows in vitro recapitulation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract for disease modeling.
- Precisely emulating the in vivo GI microenvironment requires integrating neighboring cell types and microbiota into organoids.
- Understanding cellular crosstalk is crucial for advancing GI research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent progress in understanding the crosstalk between GI organoids and their microenvironment.
- To outline the effects of stromal cells on gastric and intestinal organoid epithelia.
- To highlight interactions between GI organoids and various microorganisms.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent advancements in GI organoid technology.
- Analysis of studies on stromal cell-epithelial cell interactions within organoids.
- Examination of research on microbiota-organoid interactions.
Main Results:
- Stromal cells (fibroblasts, neural, immune, vascular) significantly influence GI organoid epithelia.
- Interactions between organoids and commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms are increasingly understood.
- Organoid models incorporating microenvironment components offer enhanced disease modeling capabilities.
Conclusions:
- Integrating stromal cells and microbiota into GI organoids is key to accurately modeling the GI microenvironment.
- These advanced organoid models provide novel insights into gastroenterological pathophysiology.
- Further research into these complex interactions will drive innovation in GI disease mechanisms and treatment.
