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Risk factors for bovine anthrax in Bangladesh, 2010-2014: a case-control study.

F I Rume1,2, M R Karim3, C R Ahsan1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Epidemiology and Infection
|February 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anthrax outbreaks in Bangladesh cattle are linked to specific farming practices. Key risk factors include sick animals on-site, recent heavy rains, and improper carcass disposal, highlighting the need for targeted disease control strategies.

Keywords:
Bangladeshbovine anthraxrisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Epidemiology
  • Zoonotic Disease Research
  • One Health Studies

Background:

  • Anthrax poses a significant threat to cattle smallholdings in Bangladesh.
  • Previous studies on anthrax risk factors in Bangladeshi cattle are limited.
  • Understanding local transmission dynamics is crucial for effective disease prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify independent risk factors associated with anthrax outbreaks in cattle smallholdings in Bangladesh.
  • To investigate the spatial clustering of anthrax cases.
  • To inform targeted public health and veterinary interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A matched case-control study design was employed.
  • 43 case smallholdings and matched controls were enrolled between October 2010 and December 2014.
  • Data were analyzed using matched-pair analysis and multivariable conditional logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • A spatial cluster of anthrax cases was identified in Pabna, Sirajganj, and Tangail districts.
  • Independent risk factors identified include: sick animals on-farm or nearby (OR 12.2), recent heavy rains (OR 13.1), and carcass disposal in water bodies (OR 11.9).
  • These factors were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Specific animal health management and environmental practices significantly increase anthrax risk in Bangladeshi cattle.
  • The identified 'anthrax hot spot' requires focused surveillance and control measures.
  • Findings support the implementation of improved biosecurity and waste management protocols to mitigate anthrax transmission.