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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
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Berry Phase Effects in Dipole Density and the Mott Relation.

Liang Dong1, Cong Xiao1, Bangguo Xiong1

  • 1Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.

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|February 29, 2020
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Summary

This study presents a unified theory for thermoelectric responses in crystals, incorporating Berry phase effects for various physical quantities like electric and spin currents. It introduces a generalized dipole density crucial for understanding these phenomena.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Thermoelectric effects are crucial for energy conversion technologies.
  • Existing theories often struggle to universally describe thermoelectric responses for diverse physical quantities.
  • Berry phase effects are known to influence electronic properties but their general role in thermoelectricity is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a unified semiclassical theory for thermoelectric responses of any observable in periodic crystals.
  • To generalize the Einstein and Mott relations to include Berry phase effects for various physical quantities.
  • To extend the concept of magnetization current to novel thermoelectric phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a unified semiclassical theoretical framework.
  • Inclusion of Berry phase effects in the description of electronic systems.
  • Generalization of the magnetization current for arbitrary observables.

Main Results:

  • Established general Einstein and Mott relations incorporating Berry phase effects.
  • Demonstrated the applicability to electric current, spin polarization, and spin current.
  • Introduced a generalized dipole density, including Berry phase corrections, as a key theoretical component.

Conclusions:

  • The unified theory provides a comprehensive understanding of thermoelectric responses in periodic crystals.
  • Berry phase effects and the generalized dipole density are essential for accurately describing thermoelectricity.
  • The theory offers a robust foundation for investigating thermoelectric phenomena in various electronic systems.