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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.6K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
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Epigenetic alterations in cancer.

Suganya Ilango1, Biswaranjan Paital2, Priyanka Jayachandran1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, 641043, Tamil Nadu, India.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|March 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic alterations in cancer, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, drive tumor progression. Reversing these epigenetic changes shows therapeutic potential for various cancers, offering new treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genetic and epigenetic modifications influence gene expression in aging and cancer.
  • Epigenetic changes like DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs regulate gene expression in human cancers.
  • Aberrant metabolism and mutations in epigenetic players link genetics and epigenetics in cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functional effects of hypoxia-inducible epigenetic changes.
  • To discuss epigenetic alterations in cancer and their role in tumor progression.
  • To explore the relevance of these alterations to epigenetic therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on epigenetic modifications in cancer.
  • Analysis of the impact of hypoxia on epigenetic changes.
  • Examination of therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic alterations.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic alterations are crucial in cancer development and progression.
  • Hypoxia significantly influences epigenetic modifications.
  • Reversal of epigenetic changes demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications are key drivers of cancer.
  • Targeting epigenetic alterations represents a promising therapeutic avenue for cancer treatment.
  • Further research into hypoxia-induced epigenetic changes could reveal novel therapeutic targets.