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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Metabolically Healthy Obesity.

Matthias Blüher1

  • 1Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany and Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

Endocrine Reviews
|March 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is a condition where individuals have obesity but normal metabolic markers. However, MHO is not a safe state and carries risks, necessitating personalized obesity treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Obesity Medicine

Background:

  • Obesity is linked to reduced lifespan and comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer.
  • Individual risk for obesity-associated diseases varies greatly and isn't solely explained by adiposity extent.
  • The concept of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) emerged from observations of lower cardiometabolic risk in some individuals with obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and explore its underlying biological mechanisms.
  • To compare cardiometabolic risk in MHO individuals versus unhealthy obese and healthy lean individuals.
  • To evaluate the transient nature of MHO and its implications for obesity treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Defining MHO based on normal glucose, lipid metabolism, and absence of hypertension.
  • Investigating biological mechanisms including ectopic fat, adipose tissue expandability, insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, and cardiorespiratory fitness.
  • Comparing health outcomes and risks between MHO, unhealthy obese, and healthy lean populations.

Main Results:

  • MHO is characterized by lower ectopic fat, higher leg fat, better adipose tissue expandability, preserved insulin sensitivity, and improved cardiorespiratory fitness compared to unhealthy obesity.
  • While MHO individuals have lower cardiometabolic risk than unhealthy obese individuals, their risk remains higher than that of healthy lean individuals.
  • MHO appears to be a transient phenotype, suggesting that weight loss interventions may still be beneficial.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is not a benign condition and does not negate the need for obesity treatment.
  • Understanding MHO mechanisms offers insights into obesity-related cardiometabolic complications.
  • MHO status can guide personalized and risk-stratified approaches to obesity management.