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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Urinary Bladder01:23

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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The Micturition Reflex01:26

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Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating...
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Urethra01:16

Urethra

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The urethra is a hollowed tubular organ through which urine is expelled from the body. This structure extends from the bladder to the external opening, allowing urine to be released.
The anatomy of the urethra differs between males and females. In females, the urethra is short, measuring about 3–4 cm in length, and opens anterior to the vaginal opening. In males, the urethra is longer and passes through the penis, serving dual purposes: expelling urine and ejaculating semen. The male...
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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy
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Artificial urinary sphincter: current status and future directions.

Culley C Carson1

  • 1Department of Urology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

Asian Journal of Andrology
|March 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Urge urinary incontinence (UUI) after prostate surgery remains a challenge. While the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) is the gold standard, newer electronic versions (eAUS) are in development to improve function and safety.

Keywords:
artificial sphincterbladder slingprostatesphincterurinary incontinence

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Medical Devices
  • Prosthetics

Background:

  • Urge urinary incontinence (UUI) is a significant complication following prostate surgery for malignancy or benign conditions.
  • The artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) has been the established treatment for severe UUI since the 1970s.
  • Previous alternative treatments like bulking agents and slings have largely failed due to poor efficacy and complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) for treating urge urinary incontinence (UUI).
  • To discuss the limitations of the current AUS design and explore potential improvements.
  • To introduce the concept and potential of the electronic artificial urinary sphincter (eAUS).

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical development and redesigns of the artificial urinary sphincter (AUS).
  • Analysis of newer compressive devices and slings for mild-to-moderate UUI.
  • Discussion of advancements in AUS technology, including antibiotic coatings and the proposed electronic AUS (eAUS).

Main Results:

  • The basic design of the AUS has remained unchanged for three decades, despite technological advancements.
  • Newer devices and slings show promise for mild-to-moderate UUI.
  • Antibiotic-coated AUS components aim to reduce infection risk, but the core design is static.

Conclusions:

  • The artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) remains the gold standard for severe UUI, but its design needs modernization.
  • Emerging technologies, particularly the electronic AUS (eAUS), offer potential for improved efficacy and safety.
  • Continued development of the eAUS is anticipated, with a prototype potentially available soon.