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Related Concept Videos

Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
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Human Genetics01:28

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Symbiosis00:58

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Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
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Lethal Alleles02:41

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Agouti: A Lethal Allele
Lucien Cuénot discovered lethal alleles in 1905 while studying the inheritance of coat color in mice. The agouti gene is responsible for the color of the coat in mice. This gene codes for an agouti-signaling protein, which is responsible for melanin distribution in mammals. The wild-type allele gives rise to gray-brown coat color in mice, while the mutant allele gives rise to yellow coat color. In addition to coat color, the agouti gene is associated with the yellow...
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Methods to Investigate the Regulatory Role of Small RNAs and Ribosomal Occupancy of Plasmodium falciparum
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Human genetics and malaria resistance.

Silvia N Kariuki1, Thomas N Williams2,3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya. SNKariuki@kemri-wellcome.org.

Human Genetics
|March 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malaria resistance is strongly influenced by human genetics, particularly variations affecting red blood cells. While many genetic factors are known, research continues to uncover more complex genetic architectures for malaria resistance.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Evolutionary Biology
  • Human Genomics
  • Infectious Disease Research

Background:

  • Malaria is a major global health burden and a significant selective pressure on the human genome.
  • Host genetic factors explain approximately one-third of the variability in severe malaria risk.
  • Previous research identified classical red blood cell polymorphisms (e.g., sickle cell trait, alpha-thalassemia) as key malaria resistance factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight the genetic underpinnings of human malaria resistance.
  • To discuss recently identified genetic variants associated with malaria protection.
  • To emphasize the complexity of malaria's genetic architecture and the need for further investigation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on host genetic factors and malaria resistance.
  • Identification and categorization of known genetic variants conferring malaria protection.
  • Analysis of the contribution of different genetic variants to malaria risk variability.

Main Results:

  • Numerous genetic variants associated with malaria protection have been identified, primarily affecting red blood cell structure and function.
  • Classical polymorphisms like sickle cell trait, alpha-thalassemia, G6PD deficiency, and red blood cell blood group variants are significant.
  • Newer identified variants include the Dantu blood group, ATP2B4 polymorphisms, and immune response-related variants.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic factors, especially those related to red blood cells, play a crucial role in malaria resistance.
  • Despite progress, current known variants explain only a small fraction of the heritable component of malaria resistance.
  • Further research is essential to fully understand the complex genetic architecture of malaria resistance and develop novel therapies.