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2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

Second harmonic scattering from mass characterized 2D graphene oxide sheets.

Isabelle Russier-Antoine¹, Hussein Fakhouri, Srestha Basu

¹Institut Lumière Matière UMR 5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Univ Lyon, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France. rodolphe.antoine@univ-lyon1.fr.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)

|March 6, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We measured second harmonic scattering from graphene oxide (GO) sheets using femtosecond lasers. This allowed us to determine the concentration and hyperpolarizability of these 2D nanomaterials.

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Last Updated: Dec 27, 2025

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Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

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Published on: September 23, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Nonlinear Optics

Background:

Graphene oxide (GO) is a key 2D nanomaterial with tunable properties.
Characterizing nanomaterials at the single-particle level is crucial for understanding their behavior.
Nonlinear optical techniques offer sensitive probes for material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To report second harmonic scattering from mass-characterized 2D graphene oxide sheets.
To determine the molar mass distribution and concentration of graphene oxide using charge-detection mass spectrometry.
To measure the orientation-averaged hyperpolarizability of graphene oxide sheets.

Main Methods:

Femtosecond laser excitation at 800 nm.
Second harmonic scattering measurements.
Charge-detection mass spectrometry for single-sheet characterization.
Concentration-dependent harmonic scattering signal analysis.

Main Results:

Accurate molar mass distribution and concentration of 2D graphene oxide sheets were determined.
The orientation-averaged hyperpolarizability of graphene oxide was found to be (1.36 ± 0.15) × 10^-25 esu.
A broad multi-photon excited fluorescence spectrum was observed between 350-700 nm, centered at 500 nm.

Conclusions:

Second harmonic scattering is a viable technique for characterizing graphene oxide.
Charge-detection mass spectrometry provides precise concentration data for 2D nanomaterials.
The determined hyperpolarizability offers insights into the nonlinear optical properties of graphene oxide.