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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism

The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism

Published on: November 19, 2014

Negative motor networks: Electric cortical stimulation and diffusion tensor imaging.

R Yokoyama¹, R Enatsu¹, A Kanno¹

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, South 1, West 16, Chuo-ku, 060-8543 Sapporo, Japan.

Revue Neurologique

|March 10, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study mapped Negative Motor Areas (NMAs) in epilepsy patients using brain stimulation and DTI. Findings reveal distinct NMA networks, offering new insights into motor control mechanisms.

Keywords:

Diffusion tensor imaging Electric cortical stimulation Motor processing Negative motor area

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

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Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: February 23, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neurosurgery
Epileptology

Background:

Investigated Negative Motor Areas (NMAs) using electric cortical stimulation and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI).
Focused on understanding the neural networks associated with NMAs.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and characterize the cortical networks of NMAs in patients with intractable focal epilepsy.
To elucidate the specific connections of NMAs in different brain regions.

Main Methods:

Enrolled 12 epilepsy patients with NMAs identified via electrical cortical stimulation.
Utilized 50Hz electric stimulation during motor tasks to pinpoint NMAs.
Employed DTI to trace subcortical fibers originating from identified NMAs.

Main Results:

NMAs were consistently found in lateral frontal areas (premotor area, precentral gyrus).
NMAs were also identified in pre-supplementary motor areas (pre-SMAs) and posterior parietal cortices (PPCs) in a subset of patients.
DTI revealed distinct fiber connections for lateral frontal, pre-SMA, and PPC NMAs via pathways including U-fibers, SLF, AF, frontal aslant tract, and transcallosal fibers.

Conclusions:

Established characteristic cortical networks for different NMAs.
Provided novel insights into the connectivity of pre-SMA and PPC NMAs.
Suggested that NMAs may be linked to diverse mechanisms underlying negative motor responses.