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Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine
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Equine Influenza.

Thomas M Chambers1

  • 1Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Equine influenza A virus causes respiratory illness in horses. This study examines H3N8 virus evolution, transmission, and control through vaccination and surveillance.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Equine Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • Horses, humans, and swine are susceptible to influenza A virus.
  • Equine influenza is caused by H7N7 (extinct) and H3N8 (circulating) subtypes.
  • Equine influenza virus lineages are distinct from avian strains.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the genetic evolution of equine influenza.
  • To explore the potential for interspecies transmission.
  • To review clinical features, epidemiology, and control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on equine influenza virus.
  • Analysis of genetic divergence between equine and avian influenza lineages.
  • Description of international surveillance and vaccine recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Equine influenza H3N8 circulates globally.
  • Equine influenza virus evolution is distinct from avian strains.
  • International spread necessitates vaccination for control.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding equine influenza virus evolution is crucial.
  • Vaccination and surveillance are key to managing outbreaks.
  • Monitoring for interspecies transmission remains important.