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Equilibrium and Balance

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The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

A Vibrotactile Feedback Device for Seated Balance Assessment and Training

A Vibrotactile Feedback Device for Seated Balance Assessment and Training

Published on: January 20, 2019

Vibrotactile Feedback for Improving Standing Balance.

Giulia Ballardini¹, Valeria Florio¹, Andrea Canessa¹

¹Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

|March 11, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Adding vibrotactile feedback can improve balance control by reducing sway. Different feedback methods show varying effects, with meaningful information being crucial for enhancing postural stability.

Keywords:

balance biofeedback postural control somatosensory integration vibrotactile feedback

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Last Updated: Dec 26, 2025

A Vibrotactile Feedback Device for Seated Balance Assessment and Training

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Published on: January 20, 2019

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A Method for Evaluating Timeliness and Accuracy of Volitional Motor Responses to Vibrotactile Stimuli

A Method for Evaluating Timeliness and Accuracy of Volitional Motor Responses to Vibrotactile Stimuli

Published on: August 2, 2016

Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Neuroscience
Human Factors Engineering

Background:

Human balance relies on proprioceptive, visual, and vestibular sensory inputs.
Investigating additional sensory feedback channels can enhance postural control.
Vibrotactile stimulation offers a potential non-invasive method for sensory augmentation.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of vibrotactile feedback in improving upright stance balance.
To compare different vibrotactile encoding methods (always on vs. dead zone) for postural control.
To assess the impact of informational content and short-term after-effects of vibrotactile feedback.

Main Methods:

Developed a device delivering synchronized vibrotactile feedback based on body center of mass movement.
Tested 24 healthy young participants with eyes closed, using 'always on', 'dead zone', and 'sham' feedback conditions.
Analyzed postural sway amplitude and frequency in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions.

Main Results:

Synchronized vibrotactile feedback significantly reduced postural sway amplitude and increased sway frequency.
Both 'always on' and 'dead zone' feedback equally reduced sway during stimulation.
'Dead zone' feedback induced short-term after-effects, while 'sham' feedback increased sway, underscoring information's importance.

Conclusions:

Vibrotactile feedback is an effective tool for enhancing balance control in healthy individuals.
The 'dead zone' encoding method shows potential for inducing lasting improvements in postural stability.
The informational content of the feedback is critical for its effectiveness in modulating postural behavior.