[Chronic myeloid leukemia - update 2020]

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Oncology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• The advent of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors has revolutionized chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment.
• Significant improvements in patient prognosis and outcomes have been observed with these targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an update on the current management of CML in 2020.
• To discuss advancements in tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, molecular monitoring, and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical trials and therapeutic advancements in CML management.
• Analysis of the efficacy and adverse event profiles of first-generation (imatinib) versus second-generation TKIs.
• Emphasis on standardized molecular methods for assessing treatment response and residual disease.

Main Results:

• Second-generation TKIs achieve faster and deeper molecular remissions compared to imatinib.
• Established definitions for optimal response and treatment failure guide patient management.
• Treatment-free remission is now a viable management option for select CML patients.

Conclusions:

• Tyrosine kinase inhibitors continue to be the cornerstone of CML therapy, with ongoing refinements.
• Regular molecular monitoring is crucial for optimizing treatment and assessing response.
• Allogeneic transplantation remains important for managing advanced CML stages.