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Updated: Dec 26, 2025
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β-Carboline directed regioselective hydroxylation by employing Cu(OAc)2 and mechanistic investigation by ESI-MS
Darshana Bora1, Ramya Tokala1, Stephy Elza John1
1Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India. shankar@niperhyd.ac.in shankarnbs@gmail.com.
Abstract:
A β-carboline directed regioselective C-H activation protocol for hydroxylation has been developed by employing Cu(OAc)2, a cost-effective 3d metal. This fastidious reaction proceeds under microwave irradiation and furnishes exclusively ortho-hydroxylated products with moderate to good yields under greener reaction conditions. Gratifyingly, this approach retains considerable functional group tolerance and is feasible on both electron-rich and electron-deficient substrates. This protocol signifies monohydroxylation on β-carboline via C-H functionalization which leads into development of biologically relevant molecules. The reaction mechanism was confirmed by intercepting and characterizing all the proposed intermediates by ESI-QTOF-MS.
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