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Related Concept Videos

Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...
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Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...

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In RRP, serologic response to HPV is frequently absent and slow to develop.

Farrel J Buchinsky1, Nicole Ruszkay2, William Valentino2

  • 1Respiratory Papillomatosis Program, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.

Plos One
|March 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) show a robust immune response to the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine but a weak or absent response to natural HPV infection. Most RRP patients in remission lack detectable antibodies against HPV6 and HPV11.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare condition caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11.
  • Patients with RRP often exhibit impaired humoral immunity against these low-risk HPV types.
  • Previous studies suggest that while women with genital HPV infection may have delayed immune responses, they respond well to HPV vaccination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the humoral immune response to HPV types 6 and 11 in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.
  • To compare the immune response elicited by natural HPV infection versus HPV vaccination in RRP patients.
  • To assess antibody levels in RRP patients with active disease and those in remission.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study enrolled 70 patients with RRP into four groups: active RRP (adults/adolescents and children), vaccinated RRP patients, and RRP patients in remission.
  • Anti-HPV6 and HPV11 serology was assessed using chemiluminescent immunoassay (cLIA) from a single blood sample.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate associations between seropositivity, vaccination status, and duration of symptoms.

Main Results:

  • A significant proportion of RRP patients, particularly children (81%) and those in remission (61%), were seronegative for both HPV6 and HPV11 antibodies.
  • All previously vaccinated RRP patients demonstrated seropositivity for at least one of the targeted HPV types.
  • Among unvaccinated patients with active RRP, a longer duration of symptoms was associated with seropositivity (11 years vs. 4.7 years, p=0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Humoral immune responses to HPV6 and HPV11 in RRP patients are vaccine-dependent and robust.
  • Natural HPV infection in RRP patients elicits a weak or absent humoral immune response.
  • The majority of RRP patients in remission do not possess detectable antibodies against HPV6 or HPV11.