Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...

Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP

Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
Patient...

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Neurological and Olfactory Disturbances After General Anesthesia.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Same author

Accuracy of ChatGPT-4o in Text and Video Analysis of Laryngeal Malignant and Premalignant Diseases.

Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation·2025

Same author

Future Directions in Managing and Treating Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease for Improving Patient Care.

Otolaryngologic clinics of North America·2025

Same author

Diagnostic Accuracy of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and Finding Instruments in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2025

Same author

Comparative Analysis of Information Quality in Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology: Clinicians, Residents, and Large Language Models.

Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery·2025

Same author

Dysbiosis Patterns in Glottic and Laryngeal Cancers: A Systematic Review of Microbiome Alterations.

Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Technical Considerations and Approach to Redo Foregut Surgery

Technical Considerations and Approach to Redo Foregut Surgery

Published on: September 22, 2023

Retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction: what the gastroenterologist should know.

Jerome R Lechien^1,2,3,4, Robert W Bastian⁵

¹Department of Surgery, Mons School of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons.

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

|May 21, 2026

Summary

Retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction (R-CPD), the inability to burp, affects many and is linked to reflux. Botulinum toxin injection (BTI) is an effective treatment, though more research is needed.

Keywords:

burp cricopharyngeal cricopharyngeus dysfunction no-burp retrograde

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Technical Considerations and Approach to Redo Foregut Surgery

Technical Considerations and Approach to Redo Foregut Surgery

Published on: September 22, 2023

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Otolaryngology
Clinical Medicine

Background:

Retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction (R-CPD) is a condition characterized by the inability to burp, often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms.
R-CPD may affect up to 22% of the population, with symptoms frequently beginning in childhood but diagnosed years later.
Strong associations exist between R-CPD and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD), with potential bidirectional causality.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current literature on the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction (R-CPD).

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on R-CPD.
Analysis of R-CPD etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management strategies.
Evaluation of treatment outcomes, particularly botulinum toxin injection (BTI).

Main Results:

R-CPD is linked to GERD/LPRD, with a possible genetic predisposition suggested by family history in 28% of cases.
Botulinum toxin injection (BTI) into the cricopharyngeal sphincter shows high initial success rates (up to 92.5%) via various techniques.
Factors like younger age, higher BTI doses, and general anesthesia correlate with better outcomes, though recurrence rates range from 4-45%.

Conclusions:

R-CPD is an underrecognized condition significantly impacting quality of life.
Botulinum toxin injection (BTI) is an effective and safe treatment for R-CPD.
Standardized diagnostic criteria, treatment protocols, and pediatric studies for R-CPD are essential.