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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
142
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
150
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

193
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
172

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Related Experiment Video

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Reducing Medication Risks in Older Adult Drinkers.

Faika Zanjani1, Nancy Schoenberg2, Catherine Martin2

  • 1Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.

Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine
|March 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Older adults who drank alcohol and took medications showed reduced alcohol consumption after a brief educational intervention. Further research is needed to sustain these alcohol and medication risk (AMR) behavior changes.

Keywords:
agingalcoholcommunity healthmedication interactions

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Concomitant alcohol and medication use is common in older adults, increasing health risks.
  • Existing interventions for alcohol and medication risk (AMR) are limited.
  • Older adults are a vulnerable population for adverse health events due to AMR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief educational intervention on AMR behaviors.
  • To examine changes in AMR behaviors 3 months post-intervention among older adult drinkers.
  • To address the gap in interventions for older adults at risk from alcohol and medication interactions.

Main Methods:

  • A convenience sample of 58 older adult drinkers (mean age 72) was recruited from rural Virginia pharmacies.
  • Participants received a brief educational intervention.
  • Follow-up assessments were conducted 3 months post-intervention with 40 participants (70% retention).

Main Results:

  • A decrease in alcohol consumption was observed among high-risk drinkers.
  • The intervention showed potential in modifying AMR behaviors in the short term.
  • Significant changes in medication adherence were not detailed in the abstract.

Conclusions:

  • Brief educational interventions may reduce alcohol consumption in older adults at risk.
  • Sustaining reduced alcohol and medication risk (AMR) behaviors requires further investigation.
  • Future research should focus on long-term strategies for AMR behavior modification.