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Related Concept Videos

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

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When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
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Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
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Plastic Deformations01:19

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Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
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Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

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It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
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Deformation in a Circular Shaft01:10

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One of the distinctive characteristics of circular shafts is their ability to maintain their cross-sectional integrity under torsion. In other words, each cross-section continues to exist as a flat, unaltered entity, simply rotating like a solid, rigid slab. To understand the distribution of shearing stress within such a shaft, consider a cylindrical section inside this circular shaft. This section has a length of L and a radius of R, with one end fixed. The radius of the cylindrical section is...
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Understanding beam deflection, particularly for indeterminate beams with overhanging segments and multiple concentrated loads, is crucial for ensuring structural integrity and functionality. The process begins with constructing an accurate free-body diagram, which helps identify the forces and moments acting on the beam. This diagram is vital for visualizing how bending moments vary along the beam's length, influencing its curvature.
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Quantification of Strain in a Porcine Model of Skin Expansion Using Multi-View Stereo and Isogeometric Kinematics
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A Computational Mechanism for Seeing Dynamic Deformation.

Takahiro Kawabe1, Masataka Sawayama2

  • 1NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Atsugi, 243-0198, Japan takkawabe@gmail.com.

Eneuro
|March 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The perception of material deformation depends on spatial frequency. A higher-order mechanism explains dynamic deformation perception and a visual illusion involving illusory deformation.

Keywords:
MTcomputational modeldeformationvision

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Area of Science:

  • Visual perception
  • Neuroscience
  • Material science

Background:

  • Humans can perceive dynamic material deformation.
  • The underlying psychophysical and neural mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the key factors influencing the perception of dynamic deformation.
  • To elucidate the neural mechanisms involved in dynamic deformation perception.
  • To explain a visual illusion of illusory deformation.

Main Methods:

  • Used a deforming bar as a visual stimulus.
  • Simulated the responses of direction-selective MT pattern motion cells.
  • Developed a model incorporating a higher-order mechanism.
  • Manipulated luminance and contrast of stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Spatial frequency is a critical determinant of deformation perception.
  • A higher-order mechanism monitoring direction responses explains dynamic deformation perception.
  • Lower spatial frequencies are crucial for illusory deformation perception.
  • Illusory deformation mechanisms are more sensitive to luminance than contrast.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic deformation perception is mediated by a higher-order neural mechanism.
  • This mechanism explains both veridical and illusory deformation perception.
  • Luminance plays a significant role in illusory deformation perception.