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Sound as Pressure Waves

Sound as Pressure Waves

Sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, can be modeled as the displacement amplitude varying as a function of the spatial and temporal coordinates. As a column of the medium is displaced, its successive columns are also displaced. As the successive displacements differ relatively, a pressure difference with the surrounding pressure is created. The gauge pressure varies across the medium.
The pressure fluctuation depends on the difference in displacements between the successive points in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging

Author Spotlight: A Stable Phantom Material for Optical and Acoustic Imaging

Published on: June 16, 2023

Graphene-Based Thermoacoustic Sound Source.

Yancong Qiao¹, Guangyang Gou¹, Fan Wu¹

¹Institute of Microelectronics and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

|March 19, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Graphene exhibits excellent thermoacoustic (TA) performance, offering advantages over traditional sound sources. This review explores graphene TA sound sources (GTASSs) for next-generation audio and photoacoustic (PA) imaging applications.

Keywords:

graphene graphene synthesis optimization strategy photoacoustic effect photoacoustic imaging thermoacoustic effect history thermoacoustic model thermoacoustic sound source

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Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies

Published on: November 5, 2015

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Acoustics
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Thermoacoustic (TA) effect, known for over 130 years, has performance limitations in traditional sound sources.
Graphene, a 2D material with low heat capacity, shows promising TA performance.
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging utilizes the photothermo-acoustic (PTA) effect for disease diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the history and theory of TA devices.
To analyze the potential of graphene TA sound sources (GTASSs).
To explore graphene's applications in PA imaging and drug delivery for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on TA devices and graphene synthesis.
Analysis of TA theory and simulation models.
Discussion of strategies to enhance GTASS performance (e.g., thin films, porous/suspended structures).

Main Results:

Graphene TA sound sources (GTASSs) offer advantages like small size, no diaphragm vibration, wide frequency range, high transparency, flexibility, and high sound pressure level (SPL).
Graphene demonstrates potential for next-generation sound sources.
Graphene's PTA effect and large specific surface area suggest promising applications in PA imaging and drug delivery for cancer therapy.

Conclusions:

Graphene is a potential next-generation material for advanced sound sources.
GTASSs present numerous advantages over conventional loudspeakers.
Graphene-based PA imaging and drug delivery hold significant promise for cancer treatment, warranting further research into challenges and prospects.