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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
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The extent of the...
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Crystallization of Random Copolymers.

Isaac C Sanchez1, R K Eby1

  • 1Institute for Materials Research, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234.

Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and Chemistry
|March 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a crystallization theory for random copolymers, explaining how defects influence crystal structure and properties. It predicts lamellar thickness and growth rates based on comonomer concentration, aligning with experimental data.

Keywords:
Copolymerscrystallizationgrowth ratelamella thicknessmelting temperature

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Crystallization in random copolymers is complex due to non-crystallizable units acting as defects.
  • Understanding the thermodynamic and kinetic factors governing copolymer crystallization is crucial for material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To formulate a theoretical model for random copolymer crystallization incorporating defects.
  • To derive thermodynamic properties and predict morphology evolution as a function of comonomer concentration and crystal thickness.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a crystallization theory for random copolymers with defects.
  • Application of nucleation theory to model lamellar morphology formation.
  • Derivation of melting point equations and thermodynamic relationships.

Main Results:

  • Predicted isothermal lamella thickness increases with non-crystallizable comonomer concentration (X).
  • Predicted isothermal growth rate decreases as X increases.
  • Qualitative prediction of lamella thickness variation with X under cooling conditions, matching experimental observations.

Conclusions:

  • The developed theory provides a framework for understanding copolymer crystallization with defects.
  • The model successfully predicts trends observed in experimental studies of random copolymers.
  • The theory offers a method to determine surface free energy parameters from isothermal crystallization experiments.