Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

19.4K
Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
19.4K
Radical Substitution: Allylic Chlorination01:31

Radical Substitution: Allylic Chlorination

3.0K
Typically, when alkenes react with halogens at low temperatures, an addition reaction occurs. However, upon increasing the temperature or under reaction conditions that form radicals, providing a low but steady concentration of halogen radicals, allylic substitution reaction is favored. This is because allylic hydrogens are very reactive as the formed intermediate is resonance stabilized. For example, when propene is treated with chlorine in the gas phase at 400 °C, it undergoes allylic...
3.0K
[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Allyl Vinyl Ethers: Claisen Rearrangement01:24

[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Allyl Vinyl Ethers: Claisen Rearrangement

2.6K
The Claisen rearrangement is a [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement of allyl vinyl ethers to unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The rearrangement is a concerted pericyclic reaction proceeding via a chair-like transition state.
2.6K
Aldol Condensation vs Claisen Condensation01:33

Aldol Condensation vs Claisen Condensation

7.6K
Aldol condensation is an acid or base-catalyzed condensation between aldehydes or ketones to give an α,ꞵ-unsaturated carbonyl compound. A base-promoted condensation between ester molecules to produce a ꞵ-ketoester is known as the Claisen condensation. In the presence of a base, both reactions involve deprotonation of the acidic α hydrogen to produce the corresponding enolates. The nucleophilic enolates attack their respective nonenolized carbonyl compound forming a tetrahedral...
7.6K
Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides01:18

Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides

8.5K
Carboxylic acids react with SOCl2 or PCl5 to form acid chlorides. Amongst the carboxylic acid derivatives, acid chlorides are the most reactive and synthetically important derivatives. They are useful reagents for Friedel–Crafts acylation of some aromatic compounds.
8.5K
Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis01:07

Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis

4.0K
Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
4.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ambulatory care in interventional radiology: a framework for radiology day-case.

Clinical radiology·2022
Same author

Tetragermanates of Strontium, Lead, and Barium of Formula Type AB<sub>4</sub>Q<sub>9</sub>.

Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry·2020
Same author

Heats of Transformations in Bismuth Oxide by Differential Thermal Analysis.

Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry·2020
Same author

Polymorphism of Bismuth Sesquioxide. I. Pure Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.

Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry·2019
Same author

Polymorphism of Bismuth Sesquioxide. II. Effect of Oxide Additions on the Polymorphism of Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.

Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry·2019
Same author

Phase Equilibria in the System Niobium Pentoxide-Germanium Dioxide.

Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry·2019
Same journal

The Photochemistry of Propane at High Photon Energies (8.4-21.2 eV).

Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry·2021
Same journal

Isomerization Processes in Ions of the Empirical Formula <math> </math>.

Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry·2021
Same journal

Temperature Dependence of Photocurrents Produced by X and Gamma Rays in Silicon Radiation Detectors.

Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry·2021
Same journal

Stable Radical-Anions Derived from Glyoxal <i>Bis</i>(phenylhydrazones).

Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry·2021
Same journal

High-Speed (Subsecond) Measurement of Heat Capacity, Electrical Resistivity, and Thermal Radiation Properties of Niobium in the Range 1500 to 2700 K.

Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry·2021
Same journal

A New Determination of the Atomic Weight of Zinc.

Journal of research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and chemistry·2021
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.4K

The System NaCl-AlCl3.

Ernest M Levin1, J F Kinney2, R D Wells2

  • 1Institute for Materials Research, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234.

Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and Chemistry
|March 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The NaCl-AlCl3 system was re-examined, confirming the intermediate compound sodium aluminum chloride tetrahydrate (NaAlCl4) with an incongruent melting point. A liquid immiscibility region was identified between 80.25 and 99.6 mol% AlCl3 at 191.3 °C.

Keywords:
ImmiseibilityNaAlCl4phase equilibriumsystem AlCl3-NaClsystem NaCl-AlCl3

More Related Videos

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
04:14

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

Published on: October 1, 2019

13.5K
Author Spotlight: Accelerating Discovery in Microporous Material Chemistry
07:20

Author Spotlight: Accelerating Discovery in Microporous Material Chemistry

Published on: October 6, 2023

4.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 26, 2025

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

8.4K
Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation
04:14

Facile Synthesis of Colloidal Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets via Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation

Published on: October 1, 2019

13.5K
Author Spotlight: Accelerating Discovery in Microporous Material Chemistry
07:20

Author Spotlight: Accelerating Discovery in Microporous Material Chemistry

Published on: October 6, 2023

4.2K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding phase diagrams is crucial for materials development.
  • The NaCl-AlCl3 system is relevant for applications like molten salt batteries and aluminum production.
  • Previous studies indicated complexities in this system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the NaCl-AlCl3 system using modern analytical techniques.
  • To accurately determine the phase behavior, including intermediate compounds and liquid immiscibility.
  • To provide precise data for thermodynamic modeling and industrial applications.

Main Methods:

  • Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) for thermal events.
  • Visual observation for phase transitions.
  • X-ray diffraction (XRD) powder techniques for crystalline phase identification.

Main Results:

  • Confirmation of the intermediate compound sodium aluminum chloride tetrahydrate (NaAlCl4).
  • Determination of NaAlCl4's incongruent melting point at 153 ± 0.5 °C.
  • Identification of a liquid immiscibility region from 80.25 to 99.6 mol% AlCl3 at the monotectic temperature of 191.3 °C.

Conclusions:

  • The NaCl-AlCl3 system exhibits a stable intermediate compound and a significant liquid immiscibility gap.
  • Precise characterization of this system is vital for its effective utilization in various chemical processes.
  • The findings contribute to a more complete understanding of alkali metal-aluminum chloride systems.