An Eye-Tracking Study of Sketch Processing: Evidence From Russian.

Area of Science:

• Cognitive Psychology
• Human-Computer Interaction
• Educational Technology

Background:

• Sketchnotes combine handwritten text and drawings, offering a unique visual note-taking format.
• Understanding the cognitive processes involved in reading sketchnotes is crucial for optimizing learning and information retention.
• Previous research has not extensively compared different sketchnote formats with traditional text using objective measures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the online reading and analysis process of various sketchnote formats versus verbal text.
• To compare the effectiveness of 'path' (trajectory), linear, and radial sketchnotes in information processing.
• To provide recommendations for creating more effective sketchnotes based on eye-tracking data.

Main Methods:

• Eye-tracking methodology employed to analyze visual attention and processing patterns.
• Comparison of reading performance between three sketchnote formats and a verbal text using Russian writer biographies.
• Data collection included total dwell time, fixation counts, average fixation duration, and participant-reported text difficulty.

Main Results:

• Readers processed information more efficiently and rapidly when engaging with sketchnotes compared to verbal text.
• Trajectory-based sketchnotes demonstrated superior reader adherence to the intended element sequence over radial and linear formats.
• Eye movement analysis revealed distinct processing patterns for verbal and non-verbal elements within sketchnotes.

Conclusions:

• Sketchnotes offer a more effective medium for information processing than traditional text, particularly for Russian language materials.
• The 'path' or trajectory format in sketchnotes aids in guiding reader attention and maintaining sequential understanding.
• Findings provide empirical evidence and practical guidelines for designing and utilizing effective visual note-taking strategies.