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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations01:21

Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations

1.3K
Equilibrium calculations for systems involving multiple equilibria are often complex. For example, to calculate the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in an aqueous solution in the presence of a common ion, one must consider all the equilibria in this solution. Calculations for these systems can be complicated and tedious, so a systematic approach with a series of steps is often helpful. The process is detailed below.
The first step is to identify all the chemical reactions involved, The...
1.3K
The Equilibrium Constant03:10

The Equilibrium Constant

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Consider the oxidation of sulfur dioxide:
55.2K
Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations02:05

Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations

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Being able to calculate equilibrium concentrations is essential to many areas of science and technology—for example, in the formulation and dosing of pharmaceutical products. After a drug is ingested or injected, it is typically involved in several chemical equilibria that affect its ultimate concentration in the body system of interest. Knowledge of the quantitative aspects of these equilibria is required to compute a dosage amount that will solicit the desired therapeutic effect.
A more...
52.3K
Homogeneous Equilibria for Gaseous Reactions02:15

Homogeneous Equilibria for Gaseous Reactions

28.2K
Homogeneous Equilibria for Gaseous Reactions
For gas-phase reactions, the equilibrium constant may be expressed in terms of either the molar concentrations (Kc) or partial pressures (Kp) of the reactants and products. A relation between these two K values may be simply derived from the ideal gas equation and the definition of molarity. According to the ideal gas equation:
28.2K
Molecular Orbital Theory II03:51

Molecular Orbital Theory II

26.4K
Molecular Orbital Energy Diagrams
26.4K
Calculating the Equilibrium Constant02:46

Calculating the Equilibrium Constant

37.2K
The equilibrium constant for a reaction is calculated from the equilibrium concentrations (or pressures) of its reactants and products. If these concentrations are known, the calculation simply involves their substitution into the Kc expression.
For example, gaseous nitrogen dioxide forms dinitrogen tetroxide according to this equation:
37.2K

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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area
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Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

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Phase Equilibrium Relations in the Binary System Barium Oxide-Niobium Pentoxide.

R S Roth, J L Waring

    Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards. Section A, Physics and Chemistry
    |March 21, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers mapped the barium oxide-niobium pentoxide phase diagram, identifying five binary compounds. Key findings include melting points and congruency for these barium compounds, crucial for materials science applications.

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    Determination of Thermodynamic Properties of Alkaline Earth-liquid Metal Alloys Using the Electromotive Force Technique
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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Solid State Chemistry
    • Phase Equilibria

    Background:

    • Understanding binary oxide systems is fundamental for developing advanced materials.
    • The barium oxide-niobium pentoxide system is of interest for its potential applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To construct a significant portion of the phase equilibrium diagram for the BaO-Nb2O5 system.
    • To identify and characterize binary compounds within this system.

    Main Methods:

    • Phase equilibrium diagram construction using fusion characteristics.
    • X-ray diffraction analysis for compound identification and structural determination.

    Main Results:

    • Five binary compounds identified with BaO:Nb2O5 molar ratios of 5:2, 1:1, 6:7, 3:5, and 1:3.
    • Congruent melting points determined for the 1:1 (1455°C) and 5:2 (1542°C) compounds.
    • Incongruent melting points established for the 6:7 (1330°C), 3:5 (1290°C), and 1:3 (1315°C) compounds.

    Conclusions:

    • The study successfully delineated key regions of the BaO-Nb2O5 phase diagram.
    • Characterization of multiple binary compounds provides essential data for materials design.
    • Further investigation into the 6:1 compound is hindered by reactivity with platinum.