Gas Sensing Properties of Cobalt Titanate with Multiscale Pore Structure: Experiment and Simulation

A diffusion-reaction coupled model was presented to investigate the effects of multiscale pore structure characteristics on gas sensing properties. A series of CoTiO₃ powders with different pore size distributions were fabricated by sol-gel method. Experimental results on cobalt titanate thick films show that a well-defined multiscale pore structure is particularly desired for the improvement of sensing performance, instead of just increasing the specific surface area. The theoretical responses of sensing elements with different pore size distributions were derived and compared with experimental data on CoTiO₃ sensors exposed to ethanol. The calculated sensitivities considering the influence of pore size changes were also found to be in agreement with the experimental results. A dimensionless Thiele modulus Th was introduced for assessing the critical point corresponding to the transformation from surface reaction-controlled sensitivity into diffusion-controlled sensitivity.