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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Preparation of Janus Particles and Alternating Current Electrokinetic Measurements with a Rapidly Fabricated Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Array

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Published on: June 23, 2017

Frequency Response of Induced-Charge Electrophoretic Metallic Janus Particles.

Chong Shen^1,2, Zhiyu Jiang^1,2, Lanfang Li^1,2

¹Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.

|March 28, 2020

Summary

Researchers controlled metallic Janus microrobots using electric and magnetic fields. Induced-charge electrophoresis (ICEP) showed direction reversal based on electric field frequency, enabling tunable micro-robot movement.

Keywords:

ICEP motility reversal Janus particles induced charge electrophoresis (ICEP)micro-robotics optical trapping phase-sensitive detection phoretic force spectroscopy

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Last Updated: Dec 25, 2025

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Area of Science:

Microfluidics and Nanotechnology
Robotics

Background:

Controlling microparticles is crucial for developing microrobots.
Metallic Janus microrobots offer unique properties for manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the control of metallic Janus microrobots using electric and magnetic fields.
To characterize the frequency-dependent behavior of induced-charge electrophoresis (ICEP).

Main Methods:

Utilized electric and magnetic fields to direct microrobot movement in a 2D plane.
Employed phoretic force spectroscopy (PFS) to measure phoretic mobility and drag coefficients.
Scanned electric field frequencies from 1 kHz to 1 MHz.

Main Results:

Achieved linear movement control of Janus microrobots using perpendicular DC magnetic and AC electric fields.
Observed an ICEP direction reversal at a crossover frequency of approximately 30 kHz.
Found ICEP phoretic drag coefficients comparable to Stokes drag.

Conclusions:

Demonstrated frequency-tunable directional control of metallic Janus microrobots via ICEP.
Identified a crossover frequency for directional switching, with distinct behaviors below and above it.
Highlighted the need for further research into the microscopic origins of ICEP sign switching and magnitude differences.