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Conservation of Angular Momentum: Application01:18

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A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Examples of such systems include a freely spinning bicycle tire that slows over time due to torque arising from friction, or the slowing of Earth's rotation over millions of years due to frictional forces exerted on tidal deformations. However in the absence of a net external torque, the angular momentum remains conserved. The conservation of angular momentum principle requires a...
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A system's total angular momentum remains constant if the net external torque acting on the system is zero. Considering a system that consists of n tiny particles, the angular momentum of any tiny particle may change, but the system's total angular momentum would remain constant. The principle of conservation of angular momentum only considers the net external torque acting on the system. While there are internal forces exerted by different particles within the system that also produce...
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Imagine a rigid body that is rotating at an angular velocity of ω within an inertial frame of reference. Along with this, picture a second rotating frame that is attached to the body itself. This frame moves along with the body and possesses an angular velocity of Ω. The total moment about the center of mass is calculated by adding the rate of change of angular momentum about the center of mass in relation to the rotating frame and the cross-product of the body's angular velocity...
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Relation Between Moment of a Force and Angular Momentum01:21

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In the realm of spinning tops, the application of force at a distance from the center produces torque, a pivotal factor that alters the angular momentum of the top, thereby inducing its rotation. The concept of moment, akin to linear force in rotation, quantifies how a force acting upon an object initiates rotational motion. Angular momentum serves as the rotational counterpart to linear momentum, representing an object's inherent tendency to persist in its rotational state.
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Angular momentum characterizes an object's rotational motion and is defined as the moment of its linear momentum about a specified point O. When a particle moves along a curved path in the x-y plane, the scalar formulation calculates the magnitude of its angular momentum, utilizing the moment arm (d), representing the perpendicular distance from point O to the line of action of the linear momentum. Despite being scalar in formulation, angular momentum is inherently a vector quantity. Its...
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The torque-free motion refers to the movement of a rigid body in space when no external torques are acting upon it. This type of motion can be observed in environments where there are no external forces or frictions, like in outer space. For example, a rotation of Mars in space is a torque-free motion. Mars is an axisymmetric object, meaning it has an axis of symmetry along which it rotates, designated as the z-axis. The rotating frame of reference is defined such that the center of mass of...
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Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
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Torque and Angular-Momentum Transfer in Merging Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensates.

Toshiaki Kanai1,2, Wei Guo1,3, Makoto Tsubota4,5,6

  • 1National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|March 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inviscid quantum fluids like Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) transfer angular momentum during merging via a novel corkscrew-like structure, bypassing traditional fluid advection. This mechanism offers insights into coherent matter-wave systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Fluid dynamics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Classical fluid drop merging involves viscous shear flow for angular momentum transfer.
  • The analogous mechanism in inviscid quantum fluids, such as Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), remains poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate angular momentum transfer during the merging of a static and a rotating Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC).
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanism of angular momentum transport in inviscid quantum fluids.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of a three-dimensional merging process between a static and a rotating BEC.
  • Analysis of emergent structures and angular momentum dynamics at the interface.

Main Results:

  • A solitonlike, corkscrew-shaped sheet spontaneously forms at the interface during merging.
  • Angular momentum is transferred rapidly and at a constant rate, proportional to initial angular momentum density.
  • This transfer occurs without direct fluid advection or quantized vortex drifting.

Conclusions:

  • The corkscrew structure directly exerts torque, creating angular momentum in the static BEC and annihilating it in the rotating BEC.
  • This novel mechanism provides a new understanding of angular momentum transport in coherent matter-wave systems.
  • Findings have implications for atomtronics and understanding cosmic dark matter BECs.