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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

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Two-point, parallel-beam focused laser differential interferometry with a Nomarski prism.

Brett F Bathel, Joshua M Weisberger, Gregory C Herring

    Applied Optics
    |April 1, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a new method using a Nomarski prism and laser interferometer to precisely measure density disturbance velocities. The technique allows simultaneous measurements at two points, minimizing bias for accurate fluid dynamics research.

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    Area of Science:

    • Fluid Dynamics
    • Optical Measurement Techniques
    • Aerodynamics

    Background:

    • Measuring phase velocity of density disturbances is crucial for understanding fluid flow phenomena.
    • Existing methods may face limitations in spatial resolution and susceptibility to external influences.
    • High-frequency measurements are essential for capturing rapid dynamic events in fluid systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and demonstrate a novel instrument for measuring the phase velocity of density disturbances.
    • To enable simultaneous, spatially resolved measurements of density fluctuations.
    • To minimize measurement bias from off-plane density variations.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a Nomarski polarizing prism integrated with a focused laser differential interferometer.
    • Enabled simultaneous measurement of density disturbances at two closely spaced, arbitrarily oriented points.
    • Achieved high sampling frequencies (≥10 MHz) with minimized bias due to parallel beam propagation.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully measured the phase velocity of a spark-generated shock wave in a laboratory setting.
    • Quantified the phase velocity of a second-mode instability wave on a cone model in Mach 6 flow.
    • Results were validated using high-speed schlieren imaging.

    Conclusions:

    • The Nomarski prism-based laser interferometer is a high-performance instrument for accurate density disturbance velocity measurements.
    • The method provides simultaneous, spatially resolved data with reduced bias.
    • Demonstrated applicability in both shock wave and supersonic flow instability studies.