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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Quantum Mechanics
    • Optics

    Background:

    • Terahertz (THz) wave generation via nonlinear interaction of ultrashort laser pulses with air is crucial for various applications.
    • The semiclassical photocurrent model, while simple, overlooks essential quantum effects.
    • Existing quantum mechanical approaches, like solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, face computational challenges with long-time evolution.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and apply a numerical method that accurately captures quantum effects in THz generation.
    • To investigate the influence of excited states and electron wavepacket interference on THz radiation.
    • To theoretically explore THz generation in nitrogen molecules under a biased electric field and validate against experimental findings.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of a wave-function splitting algorithm to fully account for photoelectron information.
    • Numerical simulations to study the contributions of excited states and interference effects.
    • Theoretical investigation of THz generation in nitrogen molecules within a static electric field.

    Main Results:

    • The developed method successfully reproduces experimental observations of THz yield enhancement with static electric field strength.
    • Numerical studies elucidate the role of excited states and quantum interference in electron wavepackets contributing to THz radiation.
    • The presence of a static electric field relaxes constraints on wavelength and phase matching for two-color laser fields.

    Conclusions:

    • The wave-function splitting algorithm provides a robust framework for simulating THz generation, incorporating crucial quantum mechanical aspects.
    • This approach offers a more accurate understanding of THz radiation mechanisms compared to semiclassical models.
    • The findings have implications for optimizing THz generation processes, particularly in gas media under external electric fields.