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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

612
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
612
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

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The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send...
2.2K
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

2.6K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
2.6K
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

373
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
373
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

597
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
597
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

189
Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
189

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

A Model of Cardiac Remodeling Through Constriction of the Abdominal Aorta in Rats
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An unusual suspect for heart failure.

C Tan1, H C Patel1, J Mariani1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, The Alfred Hospital, Australia.

Acute Medicine
|April 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A 71-year-old presented with worsening shortness of breath and swelling, indicating potential heart failure. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for patients with these critical cardiac symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • A 71-year-old male with no significant past medical history presented with acute symptoms.
  • The patient is a retired missionary.

Observation:

  • The patient reported a 2-week history of progressive dyspnoea (shortness of breath), orthopnoea (difficulty breathing when lying flat), and peripheral oedema (swelling in the extremities).
  • Clinical examination revealed dual heart sounds and elevated jugular venous pressure (JVP) to 7cm.
  • Chest auscultation demonstrated bilateral crepitations at the lung bases, suggestive of pulmonary oedema.

Findings:

  • The clinical presentation is highly suggestive of new-onset congestive heart failure (CHF).
  • Elevated JVP and pulmonary crepitations are key indicators of fluid overload secondary to cardiac dysfunction.

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  • The absence of prior cardiac history makes this presentation particularly noteworthy.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of recognizing classic signs of heart failure in elderly patients, even without a prior history.
    • Prompt diagnostic workup, including echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers, is essential for confirming the diagnosis and guiding treatment.
    • Effective management of heart failure can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce hospital readmissions.