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Apolipoprotein D in Lepidoptera: Evolution and functional divergence.

Yanyan Zhou1, Yinghui Li1, Xiaotong Li1

  • 1College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
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Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) evolution in insects shows functional divergence, especially in Lepidoptera. ApoD genes in silkworms are key to responding to environmental stress.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) is crucial for cellular functions including stress resistance and lifespan.
  • The evolutionary pathways and functional diversification of ApoD in insects are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular evolution and functional divergence of ApoD in insects.
  • To explore the specific roles and evolutionary adaptations of ApoD in Lepidoptera.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of ApoD homologs across insect species.
  • Functional divergence analysis (Type I) to identify evolutionary shifts.
  • Sequence analysis, expression profiling, and protein-protein interaction studies.
  • Positive selection analysis on lepidopteran ApoD genes.
  • Environmental stress assays on Bombyx mori ApoD genes.

Main Results:

  • Significant functional divergence was observed among insect ApoD homologs.
  • Lepidoptera possess three distinct ApoD homologs with variations in sequence, expression, and interactions.
  • Positive selection identified in lepidopteran ApoD2, particularly at sites affecting protein structure and binding.
  • Bombyx mori ApoD genes demonstrated significant regulation in response to environmental stressors.

Conclusions:

  • Insect ApoD exhibits a balance between genetic diversity and functional conservation.
  • ApoD plays a critical, specialized role in the stress response mechanisms of Lepidoptera.