Relationships among starch biosynthesizing protein content, fine structure and functionality in rice
Jinsong Bao1, Yining Ying1, Xin Zhou1
1Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang Province and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Carbohydrate Polymers
|April 4, 2020
Summary
Investigating rice starch genetics revealed key enzyme roles in amylose content and structure. Granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) and starch synthase IIIa (SSIIIa) influence amylose height and chain length, impacting starch functionality.
Area of Science:
- * Plant genetics and biochemistry
- * Starch biosynthesis and structure-function relationships
Background:
- * The intricate relationship between starch genetics, structure, and functionality remains incompletely understood.
- * Rice starches offer a valuable model system for dissecting these complex interactions due to distinct genotypic backgrounds.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To elucidate the genetic control over starch structure and functionality in rice.
- * To identify specific starch synthase enzymes influencing key starch structural parameters.
Main Methods:
- * Comparative analysis of rice starches from four chalky mutants and their wild-type parent.
- * Biochemical assays to determine starch composition, chain length distribution, and amylose content.
- * Correlation analysis to link enzyme activity with structural and functional starch properties.
Main Results:
- * Granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) and starch synthase IIIa (SSIIIa) significantly affect amylose height (hAM), a proxy for true amylose content (TAC).
- * GBSSI also influences the average chain length (X¯) of amylopectin, correlating with various starch parameters like TAC and RS.
- * Starch synthases I, IIa, and IIIa (SSI, SSIIa, SSIIIa) impact amylose size (Rh,AM), while SSIIa and PUL affect XAP2, both correlating with specific starch characteristics.
Conclusions:
- * Specific starch synthase enzymes play critical, distinct roles in determining rice starch structure and composition.
- * Understanding these genotype-function relationships is crucial for controlling starch properties for diverse applications.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
03:25Chemistry of Carbohydrates
88.7K
Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
88.7K
01:57Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts
2.8K
Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order...
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order...
2.8K
01:53RNA Stability
35.5K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
35.5K
02:15Protein and Protein Structure
86.1K
Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective. They may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly. They are all, however, amino acid polymers arranged in a linear sequence.
A protein's shape is critical to its function. For example, an enzyme...
A protein's shape is critical to its function. For example, an enzyme...
86.1K
01:24Oligosaccharide Assembly
3.4K
Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
3.4K
01:26Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides
466
Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
466