CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ISCHEMIC STROKE: GLOBAL TRENDS AND REGIONAL DIFFERENCES.

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Epidemiology
• Public Health

Background:

• Ischemic stroke represents a significant global health burden.
• Understanding the epidemiology of its clinical variants is crucial for targeted interventions.
• 90% of stroke cases are linked to modifiable risk factors, highlighting prevention potential.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the global epidemiology of clinical variants of ischemic stroke.
• To analyze trends and regional differences in stroke incidence and recurrence.
• To identify factors influencing stroke occurrence and outcomes worldwide.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases (EMBASE, PubMed, OVID, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, Google Scholar, IRBIS, RISC) over 15 years.
• 30 relevant articles were selected for detailed analysis.
• Data on stroke incidence, recurrence rates, risk factors, and regional variations were synthesized.

Main Results:

• The highest incidence rates of ischemic stroke are observed in developing and post-Soviet countries.
• Recurrent stroke frequency varies by clinical subtype: 20-25% for POCI, 17% for TACI/PACI, and 9% for LACI.
• Most recurrent strokes affect the same cerebral artery as the primary event.

Conclusions:

• Global ischemic stroke epidemiology is influenced by population aging, comorbidities, and advancements in medical technology.
• Regional disparities in stroke rates are attributed to socio-economic factors, healthcare system resources, and secondary prevention adherence.
• Further research and robust national registries are needed to address global and regional differences in ischemic stroke.