Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

10.8K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
10.8K
Valence Bond Theory02:45

Valence Bond Theory

48.9K
Overview of Valence Bond Theory
48.9K
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

48.3K
Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
48.3K
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

1.0K
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
1.0K
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

23.5K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
23.5K
Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

1.5K
Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction to "Structural Properties of Hf<sub>0.5</sub>Zr<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Integrated on Silicon".

ACS applied electronic materials·2026
Same author

Guidelines for the Optimization of Hafnia-Based Ferroelectrics through Superlattice Engineering.

ACS applied electronic materials·2025
Same author

Robust Material Properties in Epitaxial In<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> Thin Films across Varying Thicknesses.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Tailoring Phonon Polaritons in hBN with the Plasmonic Phase-Change Material In<sub>3</sub>SbTe<sub>2</sub>.

Nano letters·2025
Same author

Langmuir-Schaefer deposition of 2D PbS quantum dot superlattices with millimetre square coverage.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Rapid Prototyping of Reflective Beam-Steering Metasurfaces with the Plasmonic Phase-Change Material In<sub>3</sub>SbTe<sub>2</sub>.

Nano letters·2025
Same journal

Zein-Ceria Hybrid Microparticles Enable Long-Term ROS-Scavenging Oxygenation for Osteogenic Microtissues Engineering.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same journal

Toward Practical Solid-State Lithium Batteries With High-Nickel Cathodes: An Interface-Centered Perspective.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same journal

A Planarity-Hindrance Co-Balance Strategy to Develop Antiparallel H-Aggregates With Minimal Absorbance Blueshift for Type I Photodynamic Therapy.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same journal

Exceptional Rare-Earth Half-Heusler Thermoelectrics With Sublattice Softening.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same journal

Co-Assembled Hybrid Interlayer Engineering for Enhanced Upper Interface Stability in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same journal

Impact-Resistant Hydrogels Via Quaternary Ammonium-Regulated Networks.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Published on: December 29, 2016

11.0K

Chalcogenides by Design: Functionality through Metavalent Bonding and Confinement.

Bart J Kooi1, Matthias Wuttig2,3

  • 1Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, the Netherlands.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|April 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Incipient metals, including chalcogenides, exhibit unique properties due to a novel metavalent bonding mechanism. This discovery offers new pathways for optimizing materials in thermoelectrics, phase change applications, and photonics.

Keywords:
crystallization kineticsincipient metalsmaterials for reconfigurable photonicsmetavalent bondingnanoscale size effectsphase change materialsthermoelectrics

More Related Videos

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

69.5K
Demonstrating the Simplicity and In Situ Temperature Monitoring of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenides Suitable for Thermoelectrics
04:09

Demonstrating the Simplicity and In Situ Temperature Monitoring of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenides Suitable for Thermoelectrics

Published on: August 30, 2024

689

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of ChalcogenidoplumbatesII or IV

Published on: December 29, 2016

11.0K
From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

69.5K
Demonstrating the Simplicity and In Situ Temperature Monitoring of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenides Suitable for Thermoelectrics
04:09

Demonstrating the Simplicity and In Situ Temperature Monitoring of the Mechanochemical Synthesis of Metal Chalcogenides Suitable for Thermoelectrics

Published on: August 30, 2024

689

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Incipient metals, a class of main-group chalcogenides (e.g., GeTe, PbTe, Sb2Te3, Bi2Se3, AgSbTe2, Ge2Sb2Te5), possess unique physical properties.
  • Understanding the fundamental bonding mechanisms is key to explaining their diverse applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a unified view of incipient metals and their applications.
  • To introduce and explain the novel metavalent bonding (MVB) mechanism.
  • To link fundamental insights to practical applications in advanced materials.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel materials map to differentiate bonding mechanisms (ionic, metallic, covalent, and metavalent).
  • Analysis of the unique bond-breaking characteristics associated with MVB.
  • Correlation of material properties with application-specific requirements.

Main Results:

  • Identification and characterization of metavalent bonding (MVB) as a distinct bonding mechanism.
  • Explanation of unique material properties, including bond breaking, through MVB.
  • Demonstration of MVB's role in thermoelectrics, phase change materials, topological insulators, and photonic components.

Conclusions:

  • Metavalent bonding provides a framework for understanding and optimizing incipient metals.
  • MVB offers a pathway to tailor material properties for specific technological applications.
  • Reduced dimensions (thin films, nanoparticles) of metavalent materials exhibit unique effects, particularly on crystallization kinetics.