Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 25, 2025

A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
10:30

A Piglet Model of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

Published on: May 16, 2015

20.0K

Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy

Briette Verken Karanfilian1, Taeyang Park1, Frank Senatore2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 125 Paterson Street, CAB 7302, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.

Clinics in Liver Disease
|April 5, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Minimal hepatic encephalopathy, the earliest form of liver dysfunction affecting cognition, is often missed. Early detection using new mobile apps is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE), previously subclinical hepatic encephalopathy, is the earliest and mildest form of hepatic encephalopathy.
  • MHE is frequently under-recognized and underdiagnosed, despite its clinical significance.
  • No definitive gold standard exists for MHE diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the challenges and importance of diagnosing minimal hepatic encephalopathy.
  • To introduce recent advancements in MHE detection and monitoring.
  • To emphasize the link between early MHE detection and improved clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of validated testing modalities for neurocognitive complications.
  • Introduction of new mobile applications for diagnosing and monitoring MHE.
  • Discussion of the association between MHE and clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Validated tests exist for detecting MHE, a neurocognitive complication.
  • Medically relevant smartphone and tablet applications offer new diagnostic and monitoring capabilities.
  • Early detection of MHE is associated with better clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is an underdiagnosed condition with significant clinical implications.
  • Technological advancements, such as mobile apps, are improving MHE detection and monitoring.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management of MHE are essential for mitigating adverse clinical outcomes.
Keywords:
EncephalAppMedical appsMinimal hepatic encephalopathyPatient buddy appStroop testSubclinical hepatic encephalopathyWest Haven criteria

More Related Videos

The Murine Choline-Deficient, Ethionine-Supplemented CDE Diet Model of Chronic Liver Injury07:27

The Murine Choline-Deficient, Ethionine-Supplemented CDE Diet Model of Chronic Liver Injury

Published on: October 21, 2017

12.2K
Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats08:47

Microdialysis of Excitatory Amino Acids During EEG Recordings in Freely Moving Rats

Published on: November 8, 2018

11.8K

Related Concept Videos

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
123
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
158
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
139
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug01:14

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug

In pharmacotherapy, monitoring drug concentrations is paramount, especially for drugs whose therapeutic effects hinge on both the active compound and its metabolite. Hepatic impairment profoundly influences drug potency by altering liver function. If the drug is more potent than its metabolite, impaired liver function amplifies drug activity due to elevated drug concentration levels. Conversely, if the metabolite holds greater potency, diminished liver function diminishes drug activity by...
146
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
302
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
470