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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
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Updated: Dec 25, 2025

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
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Prodromal PD: A new nosological entity.

Eva Schaeffer1, Ronald B Postuma2, Daniela Berg1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

Progress in Brain Research
|April 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parkinson's disease (PD) has a lengthy prodromal phase involving neurodegeneration beyond the brain. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a key early marker for identifying individuals in the prodromal stage of PD.

Keywords:
BiomarkersEarly detectionParkinson's diseaseProdromalREM sleep behavior disorderRisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) progression begins years before clinical symptoms manifest.
  • Neurodegeneration in PD affects both central and peripheral nervous systems.
  • Alpha-synuclein misfolding and spreading are implicated in PD pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease.
  • To highlight key risk and prodromal markers for early PD detection.
  • To emphasize the potential of prodromal PD research for future therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on prodromal Parkinson's disease.
  • Identification and synthesis of established and emerging prodromal markers.
  • Analysis of the role of specific non-motor symptoms and genetic factors.

Main Results:

  • Prodromal PD involves widespread neurodegeneration and characteristic non-motor symptoms like constipation, hyposmia, and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD).
  • Established prodromal research criteria incorporate genetic risk factors (e.g., GBA, LRRK2 mutations) and clinical markers.
  • REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a highly predictive marker for developing Parkinson's disease.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with RBD represent a crucial cohort for clinical trials targeting prodromal PD.
  • Emerging markers from biopsies, motor assessments, and imaging promise improved understanding and probability calculations.
  • Early detection and intervention during the prodromal phase of PD are increasingly feasible.