Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 25, 2025
Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
Published on: January 29, 2018
Exercise and Peak Bone Mass
Magnus K Karlsson1, Björn E Rosengren2
1Clinical and Molecular Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Orthopedics and Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE - 205 02, Malmö, Sweden. magnus.karlsson@med.lu.se.
Purpose Of Review:
The main goal of this narrative review is to assess whether physical activity (PA) influences peak bone mass and fracture risk.
Recent Findings:
Several randomized controlled trials (RCT) show that short-term PA intervention programs in childhood improve the accrual of bone mineral. There are now also long-term controlled PA intervention studies demonstrating that both boys and girls with daily school PA through puberty gain higher bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) and greater bone size than boys and girls with school PA 1-2 times/week. These benefits seem to be followed by a gradual reduction in expected fracture rates, so that in children with daily school PA, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) after 8 years is less than half that expected by age. Daily school PA from before to after puberty is associated with beneficial gains in bone traits and gradually lower relative fracture risk.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Bone Disorders
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
01:17Hormones and Bone Tissue
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
01:27Exercise and Muscle Performance
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
01:40Bone Remodeling
01:25Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
01:31Essential Minerals for Bone Health
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...