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Infertility in Males

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Vessel-Sparing Microsurgical Longitudinal Intussusception Vasoepididymostomy to Treat Epididymal Obstructive Azoospermia

Vessel-Sparing Microsurgical Longitudinal Intussusception Vasoepididymostomy to Treat Epididymal Obstructive Azoospermia

Published on: May 27, 2022

Sperm Extraction in Obstructive Azoospermia: What's Next?

Jason P Akerman¹, Solomon Hayon¹, Robert Matthew Coward²

¹Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, 2113 Physician's Office Building, CB#7235, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7235, USA.

The Urologic Clinics of North America

|April 11, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Surgical sperm retrieval techniques aid conception for men with obstructive azoospermia. Ongoing innovations aim to improve sperm quality and quantity, enhancing assisted reproductive technology outcomes.

Keywords:

Infertility Obstructive azoospermia Sperm retrieval

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Last Updated: Dec 24, 2025

Vessel-Sparing Microsurgical Longitudinal Intussusception Vasoepididymostomy to Treat Epididymal Obstructive Azoospermia

Vessel-Sparing Microsurgical Longitudinal Intussusception Vasoepididymostomy to Treat Epididymal Obstructive Azoospermia

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A Modified Vessel-Sparing Microsurgical Vasoepididymostomy

A Modified Vessel-Sparing Microsurgical Vasoepididymostomy

Published on: June 8, 2022

Area of Science:

Reproductive medicine
Urology

Background:

Obstructive azoospermia presents a challenge for male fertility.
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) offers solutions for conception.

Purpose of the Study:

To review surgical sperm retrieval techniques for obstructive azoospermia.
To discuss technological advancements impacting sperm retrieval and selection.

Main Methods:

Review of percutaneous and open surgical sperm retrieval methods.
Discussion of enabling technologies: surgical microscopy, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Main Results:

Surgical sperm retrieval techniques have evolved significantly.
Technological innovations have improved sperm sample quality and quantity.
New technologies focus on selecting the highest quality sperm for ART.

Conclusions:

Surgical sperm retrieval is a well-established option for obstructive azoospermia.
Continuous advancements in technology are enhancing sperm retrieval and selection processes.
Future developments promise further improvements in ART outcomes for affected men.