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I, 1.Viral causes of gastroenteritis
Umesh D Parashar1, Roger I Glass1
1Viral Gastroenteritis Section, Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Perspectives in Medical Virology
|April 15, 2020
Summary
Viral gastroenteritis is a common illness, but distinguishing it from bacterial or parasitic forms is crucial for proper treatment. Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is the primary treatment for viral enteric infections.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Acute gastroenteritis is a widespread human illness caused by diverse agents including viruses, bacteria, and parasites.
- The severity of gastroenteritis ranges from mild to life-threatening dehydration, particularly in vulnerable populations like young children and the elderly.
Purpose of the Study:
- To discuss the causative viral agents, pathophysiology, and immunology of gastroenteritis.
- To outline prevention and treatment strategies for viral gastroenteritis.
Main Methods:
- Review of causative viral agents.
- Discussion of pathophysiology and immunology.
- Analysis of clinical features and epidemiological data.
Main Results:
- Caliciviruses are key targets for preventing epidemic viral gastroenteritis.
- No specific antiviral therapy is recommended for childhood viral gastroenteritis; distinguishing it from bacterial/parasitic forms is vital.
- Clinical features offer limited diagnostic clues for specific etiologies.
Conclusions:
- Standard therapy for viral enteric infections focuses on maintaining hydration and electrolyte balance.
- Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is the cornerstone of treatment for viral gastroenteritis.
- Targeted prevention strategies are essential, especially focusing on caliciviruses for epidemic control.
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