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Influenza Virus: A Brief Overview

Tanushree Dangi1, Amita Jain1

  • 1Postgraduate Department of Microbiology, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, 226003 Uttar Pradesh India.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India. Section B
|April 15, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Influenza, a significant global health issue, is caused by the Orthomyxoviridae family viruses. This review covers influenza virology, epidemiology, and clinical aspects to improve understanding of its transmission and pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Influenza virus (family Orthomyxoviridae) causes annual global epidemics, impacting 5-15% of the population.
  • Influenza A is the most common and severe type, with a broad reservoir in wild aquatic birds and various animal species.
  • Influenza B and C primarily infect humans, while influenza A gains pandemic potential through genetic shift and drift.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the virological, epidemiological, and clinical features of influenza.
  • To enhance understanding of influenza virus transmission and pathogenesis.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of influenza as a public health concern.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of virological aspects.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and disease transmission.
  • Examination of clinical features and pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Influenza A exhibits extensive host diversity and pandemic potential via genetic reassortment (shift) and mutation (drift).
  • Despite extensive study, certain aspects of influenza transmission remain poorly understood.
  • The review synthesizes key information on influenza's biological and clinical characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of influenza's virology and epidemiology is crucial for effective public health strategies.
  • Further research into poorly understood transmission dynamics is warranted.
  • This review consolidates essential knowledge on influenza for researchers and clinicians.
Keywords:
EpidemiologyH1N1Influenza virusPandemicPathogenesisSwine flu

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