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Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

A Trap-Vaccinate-Release Protocol for Immunization of Skunks and Additional Rabies Vectors Against Rabies
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[Emerging zoonoses: Hantavirus infections].

E Krautkrämer1, M Zeier1

  • 1Nephrologie, Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 162, 69120 Heidelberg, Deutschland.

Der Nephrologe
|April 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Hantaviruses are emerging global threats transmitted by rodents. While European strains cause kidney disease (hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome), American strains lead to lung issues (hantaviral pulmonary syndrome).

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Hantaviruses are a growing concern due to their increasing incidence and global spread.
  • Transmission occurs through inhaling aerosolized excreta from infected rodents.
  • Disease presentation varies significantly based on the specific hantavirus species involved.

Purpose:

  • To provide an overview of hantavirus epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and prevention strategies.
  • To highlight the geographical distribution of hantaviruses and their rodent hosts.
  • To underscore the lack of specific treatments and vaccines.

Summary:

  • Hantaviruses in Europe and Asia cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), with Puumala virus in Germany leading to a milder form, nephropathia epidemica.
Keywords:
Acute renal failureHantavirusHemorrhagic feverNephropathia epidemicaZoonoses

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  • Hantavirus infections in the Americas typically result in hantaviral pulmonary syndrome, characterized by pulmonary pathology.
  • Geographical distribution of hantavirus species is linked to the distribution of their specific rodent hosts.

    • Impact:

    • Current prevention relies on rodent population control and avoiding contact with rodent excreta.
    • The absence of specific antiviral therapies or vaccines necessitates a focus on public health measures.
    • Understanding hantavirus diversity is crucial for accurate diagnosis and risk assessment in affected regions.