Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

7.3K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
7.3K
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

801
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
801
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy01:24

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

281
Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) are grounded in the belief that our thoughts profoundly influence our emotions and actions. Advocates of CBT emphasize three core assumptions: first, that cognitions are identifiable and measurable; second, that they are central to psychological functioning; and third, that irrational or maladaptive beliefs can be replaced with rational and adaptive ones. This transformative approach to therapy has paved the way for specific models such as Albert...
281
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

5.0K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
5.0K
Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior01:28

Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior

165
Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
165
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

18.8K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
18.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Moses illusions, fast and slow.

Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition·2025
Same author

Adieu Bias: Debiasing Intuitions Among French Speakers.

Psychologica Belgica·2024
Same author

Further advancing fast-and-slow theorizing.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2023
Same author

Advancing theorizing about fast-and-slow thinking.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2022
Same author

Analytic Engagement and the Perils of Reframing the Dual- and Single-Process Models Debate.

Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science·2021
Same author

On Dual- and Single-Process Models of Thinking.

Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science·2021
Same journal

Are language models models?

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same journal

Large language models illuminate the mechanistic underpinnings of the creative aspect of language use (CALU), long regarded as a mystery.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same journal

LLMs as a platform for studying constraint interaction: Motivation and challenges.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same journal

Beyond the data gap: Children create languages, violate their input statistics, and exhibit critical periods.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same journal

Not-so-strange love: Language models and generative linguistic theories are more compatible than they appear.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same journal

Rich data drive generalization: Lessons from machine learning for linguistics and cognitive science.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 24, 2025

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

6.2K

Rational rationalization and System 2.

Wim De Neys1

  • 1LaPsyDE, UMR CNRS 8240 and Université de Paris, Sorbonne, 75005Paris, France. wim.de-neys@parisdescartes.fr www.wdeneys.org.

The Behavioral and Brain Sciences
|April 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This commentary discusses how Cushman's work resolves the rationalization paradox in dual-process thinking models. It offers a new perspective on rationalization, moving beyond traditional dual-process frameworks.

More Related Videos

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
13:20

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

297
Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

8.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 24, 2025

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

6.2K
Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
13:20

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance

Published on: December 5, 2025

297
Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

8.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Decision Making
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Dual-process frameworks are popular for understanding human thinking.
  • Traditional models often characterize rationalization problematically.
  • A rationalization paradox exists within these traditional frameworks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the relevance of Cushman's target article for dual-process thinking.
  • To address the problematic characterization of rationalization in existing models.
  • To propose Cushman's account as a solution to the rationalization paradox.

Main Methods:

  • Commentary and theoretical analysis.
  • Critique of traditional dual-process models.
  • Integration of recent advances in rationalization research.

Main Results:

  • Cushman's rationalization account offers a novel perspective.
  • This account provides a way to resolve the rationalization paradox.
  • It aligns with and advances recent developments in the field.

Conclusions:

  • Cushman's work is highly relevant for dual-process theories.
  • A revised understanding of rationalization is needed.
  • The proposed account offers a path forward for cognitive science research.