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Related Concept Videos

Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

456
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
456
False Memories01:18

False Memories

319
False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
319
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

374
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
374
Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

399
Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
399

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Establishing an enduring Military Trauma Mortality Review: Misconceptions and lessons learned.

Jud C Janak1, Edward L Mazuchowski, Russ S Kotwal

  • 1From the Defense Health Agency (J.C.J, E.L.M., R.S.K., J.T.H., J.M.G., S.A.S.), Joint Trauma System, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, Texas; Armed Forces Medical Examiner System (E.L.M.), Defense Health Agency, Dover Air Force Base, Dover, Delaware; Department of Pathology (E.L.M.), and Department of Military and Emergency Medicine (R.S.K.), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; College of Medicine (R.S.K.), Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Department of Public Health (J.T.H.), University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; and Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Command Jacksonville (Z.T.S.), Jacksonville, Florida.

The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery
|April 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The Military Trauma Mortality Review process was established using mixed methods to improve trauma care. Key lessons learned emphasize standardized criteria, comprehensive data review, and addressing infrastructure gaps for future implementation.

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Area of Science:

  • Military medicine
  • Trauma care systems
  • Mortality review processes

Background:

  • The Defense Health Agency directed the establishment of a Military Trauma Mortality Review process.
  • Subject matter experts from military and civilian sectors collaborated over three years, utilizing qualitative and quantitative methods.
  • This process was recently piloted on battle-injured U.S. Special Operations Command service members (2001-2018).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present key misconceptions and lessons learned from establishing a reliable and sustainable Military Trauma Mortality Review process.
  • To prospectively improve the military trauma care system and minimize preventable deaths.
  • To build upon previous military and civilian mortality review efforts.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods over a three-year period.
  • Published findings in a series of peer-reviewed articles.
  • Implemented the Military Mortality Review process for battle-injured service members from U.S. Special Operations Command (2001-2018).

Main Results:

  • Established a robust Military Trauma Mortality Review process by integrating standardized lexicon, objective injury scoring, forensic data, and expert case review.
  • Identified the necessity of non-medical information for accurate death preventability determinations and identifying system improvement opportunities.
  • Highlighted existing gaps in military health system infrastructure crucial for the process's global and continuous implementation.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized criteria, comprehensive data integration (including non-medical factors), and expert review are essential for effective trauma mortality reviews.
  • Addressing infrastructure deficiencies within the military health system is critical for the sustained and widespread application of this review process.
  • The established process offers a framework for reducing preventable deaths in military trauma care.